- SSH and Linux, macOS, or Unix: Set up the public and private keys for Git and CodeCommit To set up the public and private keys for Git and CodeCommit From the terminal on your local machine, run the ssh-keygen command, and follow the directions to save the file to the.ssh directory for your profile.
- In this tutorial, we will guide you on how to use SSH on mac.Secure Shell basically helps you to access and move data from one device to another using a netw.
I am currently running Mojave which has the following > ssh -V OpenSSH7.9p1, LibreSSL 2.7.3 Before moving to macOS Big Sur, I'd like to know the default version of SSH on it. SSH stands for Secure Shell and is a cryptographic protocol based on the concept of public-private keys. We are using SSH with Git because it is much easier than typing your username and password. Apple: macOS Sierra broke SSH Kerberos authenticationHelpful? Please support me on Patreon: thanks & praise to God.
SSH-туннель в Mac OS X
С развитием беспроводных технологий, повсеместно появляются точки доступа в Интернет посредством технологии Wi-Fi: на вокзалах и в аэропортах, в кафетериях и кинотеатрах, в гостиницах и даже в маршрутках, пока вы стоите в пробке неподалёку от какого-нибудь посещаемого места. Достаточно лишь достать из сумки MacBook, выбрать сеть с наилучшим сигналом и вот вы снова можете делать то, что вам нравится. Но так ли безопасны все эти точки доступа? Не «прослушивает» ли какой-либо злоумышленник траффик с целью выудить оттуда важную информацию вроде логинов/паролей, номеров кредитных карт да и вообще, вашей приватной информации?
Для начала стоит подумать о том, где взять SSH-доступ. Тут может быть несколько вариантов:
- установить собственный сервер с настроенным доступом через SSH в каком-нибудь дата-центре;
- приобрести недорогой тарифный план на хостинге, предоставляющем доступ к серверам по протоколу SSH;
- приобрести услугу выделенного IP-адреса у своего провайдера и настроить SSH-сервер дома;
Есть и другие варианты. Как бы там ни было, я не буду заострять внимание на способах получения доступа к какому-либо серверу по SSH, а опишу, как создать и использовать SSH-тунель, в том случае, когда у вас уже есть SSH-доступ к другому компьютеру.
Запустите терминал и выполните в нём следующую команду:
Рассмотрим подробнее, что делает эта команда:
ssh — запуск утилиты, осуществляющей работу с SSH-сервером
-N — параметр, отвечающий за то, чтобы команды не транслировались на удалённый сервер
-D 9999 — параметр, указывающий, через какой адрес/порт пробрасывать данные
-N — параметр, отвечающий за то, чтобы команды не транслировались на удалённый сервер
-D 9999 — параметр, указывающий, через какой адрес/порт пробрасывать данные
user_name — ваше имя для соединения на удалённом сервере
server_address — собственно, адрес сервера, через который будет происходить туннелирование
server_address — собственно, адрес сервера, через который будет происходить туннелирование
Например, в моём случае это будет выглядеть так:
После того, как вы выполните эту команду, вас попросят ввести пароль, соответствующий указанному в соединении пользователю. Как только вы это сделаете (при условии, что введёте правильный пароль), у вас готов SSH-туннель, и теперь можно указывать системе, чтобы трафик шёл не напрямую, через Wi-Fi-соединение, а через созданное вами безопасное соединение.
Запустите приложение «Системные настройки» и выберите в нём пункт «Сеть«:
В открывшемся окне выберите пункт с вашим беспроводным соединением и нажмите кнопку «Дополнительно«:
В окне дополнительных настроек выберите вкладку «Прокси«, включите пункт «SOCKS-прокси«, в поле адреса и порта впишите настройки: 127.0.0.1 (адрес вашего внутреннего сетевого интерфейса) и 9999 (порт, указанный при создании SSH-туннеля):
Теперь нажмите кнопку «ОК«, затем «Применить» и теперь ваш беспроводной трафик будет идти через SSH-туннель, что не позволит злоумышленникам его перехватить и прочитать.
Чтобы выключить проксирование, вернитесь к настройкам прокси и отключите пункт «SOCKS-прокси«, после чего подтвердите внесённые изменения, а в терминале с включённым туннелем нажмите комбинацию клавиш Ctrl+C, которая остановит выполнение приложения ssh.
SSH Tunnels
So far in this series of posts on ssh on macOS:
We have learned so far that ssh is a really useful and flexible protocol. It can be used to connect securely to a remote shell, or to transfer files securely.
Rather than providing the shell itself, ssh provides a secure way to transmit data to and from the remote shell. In a similar way, ssh can be used to provide access to other remote services as well.
SSH Tunnels with Two Computers
Access to important services are usually blocked behind a firewall or router. Since ssh , when setup correctly, is quite secure, you can usually get access to a server with ssh even when other protocols are blocked. (Though some administrators move ssh access to a different port than the default 22.)
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You can use ssh port forwarding or ‘tunneling’ to gain access to other services through ssh .
Imagine you want to use Screen Sharing to connect to a remote Mac ( remote.example.com ). Screen Sharing on macOS uses the VNC port 5900 to connect to a remote Mac. Since VNC itself is inherently insecure, (mac Screen Sharing adds a few things to make it more secure) this port is blocked by many firewalls.
However, I do have ssh access to remote.example.com . So, how do I tell both systems to ‘tunnel’ the screen sharing traffic through ssh ?
(When you test this, remember to enable either ‘Screen Sharing’ or ‘Remote Management’ (i.e Apple Remote Desktop) access in the ‘Sharing’ pane in System Preferences on the remote Mac.)
The tunnel starts on my local machine and ends on remote.example.com at port 5900 (where the screen sharing service is listening on the remote Mac.)
The starting point also needs a port number, and I can basically choose freely. Port numbers under 1000 and over 49000 are reserved for the system and require root privileges. There are also many numbers that are commonly used by certain services (such as 5900 for VNC/Screen Sharing) and may already be in use. I will choose 5901 for the local port.
To connect the local port 5901 to port 5900 on the remote Mac use the following command:
(You can just try this with a second Mac or virtual machine in your network, even without a firewall.)
The syntax of this command is less than obvious. Let’s break it into pieces:
The -N option tells ssh that we do not want to invoke a remote shell or run a remote command.
The -L option creates a local port forwarding setup. This option takes a parameter with three or four parts, separated by colons : . The first pair ( localhost:5901 ) are the tunnel start point. The second pair ( localhost:5900 ) are the remote end point of the tunnel.
The second localhost is resolved on the remote host, so this means port 5900 on the remote host.
The last parameter states the remote host, to connect to, remote.example.com .
This commands tell ssh to connect to remote.example.com and establish a tunnel that transfers traffic from port 5901 on my computer to port 5900 on the remote computer.
Since the origin of my tunnel is usually on my local computer, the first localhost can be omitted, so you only see the origin port.
When you execute the command nothing will happen. You will not even get a new prompt, because the ssh process is running until you cancel it with ctrl-C. Don’t cancel it yet, however, since it needs to run to provide the tunnel.
Mac Terminal Ssh
So, when you open the Screen Sharing application (from /System/Library/CoreServices/Applications/ ) and connect to localhost:5901 all traffic will be forwarded by ssh to port 5900 on the remote Mac.
You can also use the open command to connect with Screen Sharing:
You should be able connect with Screen Sharing, even when port 5900 is blocked by a Firewall.
When you are done with the Screen Sharing session, you can end the ssh tunnel process in Terminal with ctrl-C.
SSH triangle
You can also use ssh port to use the remote host as a gateway or ‘jump host’ to a third computer. Imagine you want to use Screen Sharing to connect to secundus.example.com behind a firewall and you only have ssh connection to primus.example.com available. You can tell primus to point the endpoint of an ssh tunnel at secundus with:
Note: secundus.example.com or whatever host or IP address you enter there will be resolved on the remote host. So you can use NAT IP addresses or .local host names here, even if they do not make sense in the network your work Mac is in. (They do have to make sense on the remote host, though, otherwise you will get an error.)
In the following examples the local IP address 192.168.1.200 or the Bonjour hostname Secundus.local will be resolved on the remote host, even if they don’t work on my local computer:
Either way, you can then point Screen Sharing at localhost:5902 and it will connect through primus to Screen Sharing on secundus .
Ssh On Mac Os
Keep in mind, that while the connection from the start point (on your Mac) to the host primus is secured by ssh the connection from primus to secundus is not.
Stumbling over HTTP hosts
In general you can use ssh port forwarding (or tunnels) for any service. Some services however, may introduce extra pitfalls.
For example, I wanted to use ssh port forwarding to gain access to my home router’s web interface. I can use ‘Back to My Mac’ to ssh into one of the iMacs at home, and thought it should be easy to connect to the router with an ssh tunnel:
This seemed to work, but whenever I tried to point a browser to localhost:8080 it couldn’t connect to the web page. The problem here is not the ssh tunnel but the the web server on the router. As part of the http request, the browser sends the name of the domain requested to the web server. This allows web servers to host different pages for different domains. With this request, the browser told the router it wanted the web page for localhost and the router replied with “I don’t serve pages for that host”… (Your router might behave differently.)
With curl I could convince the router to serve me the page with:
However, since navigating the web interface of the router with curl is out of the question I had to find a different solution.
Tunnel All the Things!
What if I could send all traffic through the iMac at home?
I can create a tunnel from my computer (on port 9001) to the remote Mac that acts as a SOCKS proxy. Then I can set the Socks proxy to localhost:9001 in the proxy tab in the Network pane in System Preferences. You probably want to create a new network location for this setup. Then all network traffic will be securely routed through the ssh tunnel to my Mac at home where it can connect to the router.
This can also serve as a temporary VPN solution.
However it is somewhat painful to set up and maintain, so if you start using this more frequently, you probably need to look into a proper VPN service solution (some routers, ironically, provide one…).